EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF BR11 PADDY

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON THE GROWTH YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF BR11 PADDY

Abstract

Eleven treatments with three herbicides were applied on BR11 paddy field to control weeds and also to study the growth yield components and yield. The effect of herbicides were found positive in the control of weed species and increased the yield components and yield .The maximum number and length of tillers, length of panicle, area of flag leaves, number and percentage of filled grains, grain and straw yield per hectare were found when Rifit 500 EC was applied.

Introduction

Weeds cause problems in rice cultivation by reducing yield of rice (Smith 1970).Losses due to weeds in Aus rice, range from 58% to complete failure of the crop (Mian and Ahasan 1969, BRRI 1981).Weed competition were most severe ranged from 10 to 20 days after emergence of paddy.

Competition of weeds is a major constraint to the productivity of wet-seeded rice because rice has no growth advantage over weeds. Grass weeds are also more difficult to hand weeding of wet seeded rice because of their similar morphology to that of rice.

The traditional methods of weed control in rice field in Bangladesh are land tillage and hard weeding which are time consuming and expensive as well. These involve a large number of man power which during the pick period is very difficult to hire (Chowdhury et. al.1995). Therefore, the use of herbicides are easier to control weeds in paddy field and comparatively involve less cost.

In the present study three herbicides: Rifit 500EC, ronstar 25EC and machete 5G were applied in different does in BR11 paddy grown in Aman seasons and studied their effect on the control of weed and ultimate yield and yield components of paddy.

Materials and method

The seeds BR11 paddy was sown in seed bed of 3m x 1m in the Botanical garden, university of Chittagong . 200g of seeds were evenly sown in seed bed on 17 july 2004.watering, weeding and other cultural practices were done in the seed bed when repaired. The field for transplantation was prepared by ploughing and cross ploughing and leveled properly. The field was divided into 33 plots eachmeasured 4m x 4m.

There were eleven treatments each with three replications (block) where complete
Ranndomized design (CRD) was maintained. 24 days old seedlings was transplanted from seed bed to the field on 10 Aug. Two healthy seedlings were transplanted per hill Row to Row and hill to hill distance were maintained as 20cm x 20cm and there were 400 hills per plot. The fertilizers were used in the experimental fields as per following BRRI 1991 schedule:

1. As basal dose : 100g Urea, 160 g TSP, 168 g MP

(during last ploughing )

2. 35 day after

Transplantation : 110g Urea

3. At booting stage: 110 g Urea

Rifit 500 EC, rons for 25 EC and machete 5a were used in the present investigation. A brief description of these herbicides are given below:

A) rifit 500 EC: It is applied on saturated soil and protean planting cell division inhibitor. It is a selective herbicide It is taken up readily by the hypocotyls meso cotyls and coleoptiles it can trals annual grasses sedges and broad leaves Weeds.

Three herbicides: rifit 500EC, Ronstar 25 EC and machete 5G were used in the present experiment as per schedule Show in Table 1

Table 1

Treatment	Herbicides	Dose	Time of Application
T1 (control)	No herbicide was used	Not applicable	Not applicable
T2	Only hand weeding was done.	Not Applicable	Not applicable
T3	Rifit 500EC	1.6ml/dl800ml water @1L/ha	3 days after transplantation
T4	Rifit 500EC	Double the does of T3	3 days after transplantation
T5	Rifit 500EC	Half of the dose of T3	3 days after transplantation
T6	Ronstar 25 EC	3.20ml/800ml water @2l/ha	3 days after transplantation
T7	Ronstar 25 EC	Double the dose of T6	3 days after transplantation
T8	Ronstar 25 EC	Half of the does of T6	3 days after transplantation
T9	Machete 5G	40gm/plot@25kg/ha	3 days after transplantation
T10	Machete 5G	Double the dose of T9	3 days after transplantation
T11	Machete 5G	Half of the dose of T9	3 days after transplantation

All the herbicides were applied in the BR11 paddy field three days after transplantation as per the product Paneled? The hand weeding was done at 45 (w1) and 75(w2) days after transplantation and during harvest (w3) in all the treatments. In control the weeds were collected during harvest.

The paddy was harvested 117 days after transplantation, and the following data were recorded. Five hills from each black of each treatment were taken in consideration for the following parameters for chemical analysis 100g of straw and grains.

1. Number of tillers per hill. B. Length block tillers. C. Area of flag leaves .d. length of panicle. E. fresh weight of straw f Fresh weight of grain, kg. g. straw and grain yield. I. number of filled and unfilled grain pre panicle (three panicles in each replication) and j. 100- grains weight .

Taken from each plot separately and then dried and grinded for to powder. Powdered plant samples (straw and grains) were digested as modified microkjeldahal method, then were determined as described by Jackson(1973) anova was done to show the significant differences among the treatments and correlation studies were done to obtain the relationship between two parameters following little and hills(1977).

Result and discussion

Different doses of Rifit 500 EC, Ronstar 25 EC and machete 5G were used in BR11 paddy field and studied their effect on the growth ultimate yield and yield components in aman seasons. The results presented in table2

In comparison to control all the treatments give highly significant number of tillers.

The number of tillers per hill increased highly significantly in all the treatments from the highest number of tillers per hill was found at T3 the length tiller decreased highly significantly from t1 at t2followed by T11,T9,T6,T10,T7,T4 and T8 the highest length per tiller was found at T3 (Table 1) The incrase of length of tiller of the present investigation due to the application of rifit 500EC was found consistent with the findings of Awan et. al. (2001). the area of flag leaves increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest value was at T3 followed by T8, T7, T10, T6, T5, T9, T4, T11,and T2 (Table 1) The length per panicle increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest number of filled grains was obtained at T3 followed by T8,T7, T10, T5, T9,T11,T6,T2 and T4 (table 1). The number of unfilled grains per panicle was found significantly lower in all the treatments from T1. The Lowest number of unfilled grains was found at T3 followed by T8, T7, T10, T5, T11, T9, T2, T6, and T4 (Table 1). The total number of grains per panicle was increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. the highest value was obtained at T3 followed by T8, T7, T10, T5, T11, T9,T2,T6 and T4 (Table1) the in followed by the Followed by T8,T7,T10,T5,T6,T9, T4, T11,and T2 (Table 1), The number of tillers, length per tiller length of panicle. area of flag leaves, number of filled grains, ande percentage of filled grains increased in almost all the only significances have been show in comparison to control. treatments from T1. The highly significantly increased values of the above parameters were found .

Table Effect of rifit 500 EC ronstar 25 EC and machete, length/tiller, le3ngth/ panicle, area of flag leaves, number of grains/panicle, ratio of filled & unfilled grains and % of filled grains of BR11 paddy.

grains and % of filled grains of BR11 Paddy.

Treatments	Number of tillers/hill	Length/tiller cm	Length/panicle cm	area of flag leaves cm2	Number of grains/panicle		% of filled grains
T1	7.73	95.47	18.83	25.10	84.69	16.40	83.78
T2	10.80	84.31	19.8	31.61	106.33	14.17
T3	12.25	97.15	23.08	36.79	131.93	9.09	93.55
T4	9.17	90.12	21.27	32.41	103.92	13.40	88.58
T5	11.00	95.82	22.10	32.68	110.10	12.73	89.64
T6	10.60	88.59	20.70	33.86	107.47	12.73	89.41
T7	10.82	89.93	21.12	34.79	113.27	12.00	90.42
T8	11.10	92.40	22.17	35.82	115.18	10.92	91.34
T9	10.33	83.01	20.32	32.63	108.94	13.07	89.29
T10	11.41	89.43	20.75	34.10	111.13	12.47	89.91
T11	10.25	84.39	19.52	32.29	108.76	13.66	88.84
LSD 0.05	0.90	1.22	0.4	0.11	1.7	0.4	0.02
LSD 0.01	1.27	1.73	0.57	0.16	2.42	0.57	0.03

the fresh weight of straw per increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1.

The highest weight of straw per plot/block (Table2).

The fresh weight of grains per plot was found to be increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest value was found at T3 followed by T8 and T12 (Table 2). the total fresh weight of straw and grain per plot increased highly significantly in all treatments from T1. The followed by and T4 (Table 2) . The present findings corroborate with the findings corroborate with the findings of budhar et.al. (2002) who observed significantly higher grain and straw yield over hand weeding by the use of three herbicides. the straw and grain ratio decreased highly significantly in all the treatment from T1. the lowest value was at T4 (table2) the all the treatments from T1 except T4 . The highest yield was obtained at T3 followed by T8,T7, (Table 2). Matsunaka (1970) also reported the significant increase in rice yield due to use of herbicides over hand weeding. the 100 grain weight increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1 except T6 and the highest 1000-grain weight was found at T3 followed by T10, (Table 2).

Table effect of rifit 500 EC, Ronstar 25 EC and machete 5G on fresh weight of straw and grain, total fresh weight of straw & grain, straw and grain ratio, straw and grain yield and 1000 grain weight of BR paddy.

Treatments	Fresh weight of straw & grains/plot			Straw and grain ratio (S/G)	straw yield t/ha	Grain yield t/ha	1000- grain weight g
	Straw(S) kg	Grain(G) kg	Total (S+G)
T1	9.58	4.43	14.01	2.16	5.99	2.77	22.35
T2	11.52	7.32	18.84	1.57	7.20	4.58	23.16
T3	14.13	9.1	23.23	1.55	8.83	5.69	24.49
T4	10.05	7.63	17.68	1.32	6.28	4.77	23.36
T5	13.28	7.98	21.26	1.66	8.30	4.99	24.07
T6	13.38	8.18	21.56	1.64	8.36	5.11	22.93
T7	13.82	8.45	22.27	1.64	8.64	5.28	23.40
T8	14.00	8.93	22.93	1.57	8.75	5.58	23.79
T9	13.10	7.75	20.85	1.69	8.19	4.84	24.26
T10	13.72	8.38	22.10	1.64	8.58	5.24`24.29
T11	11.85	7.35	19.20	1.61	7.41	4.60	24.10
LSD 0.05	0.63	0.13	0.02	0.02	0.42	0.08	0.41
LSD 0.01	0.89	0.18	0.03	0.03	0.59	0.11	0.58

The N concentration of straw increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest value was obtained at T8 followed by others. The P concentration of straw increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest value others. the highest value of K in straw was at T8 followed by others(Table 4). The total NPK concentrations of straw increased significantly in all thed treatments from T1. The others (Table3, fig.6) In N:P:K of straw N concentration was found to be maximum at T3. The P concentration of N:P:K was maximum at T10. The K concentration of N:P:K was found maximum at T2. (Table3) The N concentration of grains increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1.The highest value was at T11 followed by T9,T8, T4,T5,T6,T7,T10 and T2 (Table 3). The P concentration of grains was found to be increased significantly in all the treatments from T1. The highest value wasw at T6 followed by T11,T10,T4,T5,T9,T8,T2, T3, and T7 (Table 3). The K concentration of grains was found to be increased highly significantly in all the treatments from T1. Except T7 (Table 3).The total NPK concentration of grains highly significantly increased in all the treatments fromT1. The highest value was at T11 (Table 3Fig.1)

In n:P:K of straw, N concentration was found to be maximum at T9. the P concentration of

N:P:K was maximum at T1. The K concentration of N:P:K was found maximum at T2(Table 3).

Tafble. Effect of Rifit 500 EC, Ronstar 25 EC and Machete 5G on N, Pand K concentrations of straw and grains of BR11.

Treatment	Straw					Grain
	N	P	K	Total NPK	N:P:K*	N	P	K	Total NPK	N:P:K*
T1	0.47	0.20	0.66	1.33	35.34:15.04:49.62	0.42	0.54	0.43	1.39	30.21:38.85:30.93
T2	0.63	0.30	0.954	1.88	33.51:15.96:50.53	0.91	0.68	0.73	2.32	39.22:37.07:31.46
T3	0.84	0.32	0.87	2.03	41.37:15.76:42.86	1.12	0.65	0.57	2.34	47.86:27.78:24.36
T4	0.70	0.58	0.72	2.00	35.29:36	1.19	0.76	0.63	2.58	46.12:29.46:24.42
T5	0.70	0.54	0.94	2.18	32.11:24.77:43.12	1.19	0.76	0.65	2.60	45.77:29.23:25
T6	0.70	0.43	0.81	1.94	36.08:22.16:41.75	1.12	0.82	0.72	2.66	42.10:L30.83:27.07
T7	0.84	0.55	0.95	2.34	35.89:23.5040.59	1.12	0.64	0.49	2.25	49.78:28.44:21.78
T8	1.00	0.52	1.03	2.55	39.21:20.39:40.39	1.26	0.69	0.65	2.60	48.46:26.54:25
T9	0.85	0.54	0.95	2.34	36.32:23.08:40.59	1.38	0.73	0.54	2.65	52.07:27.55:20.38
T10	0.64	0.57	0.72	1.93	33.16:29.53:37.30	1.1	0.79	0.54	2.43	45.27:32.51:22.22
T11	0.07	0.57	0.91	2.18	32.11:26.15:.42.74	1.4	0.80	0.50	2.70	51.85:29.63:18.52
LSD 0.05	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.06		0.05	0.04	0.04	0.07
LSD 0.01	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.08		0.07	0.06	0.06	0.10

The individual increases of N, P and K were found in all the treatments from the unwedded control (T1) but no definite trend of increase was observed. However, the total NPK concentration was observed maximum at T8 when Machete half dose was applied.

In aman paddy double the dose of rifit at T4 was found highly effective to reduce ultimate yield of paddy did not increase accordingly. This may be due to the toxic effect of higher dose of this herbicide but in normal dose of weed species gradually decreased from W1 to W3 and resulted maximum growth yield and yield components of aman paddy.

From the above discussion it may be concluded that the mode of action of three herbicides in paddy are not similar.

so. normal dose of rifit 500 EC (1.6ml/800ml water @IL/ha) may be recommended for the grower for maximizing growth yield and yield components of BR11 aman paddy

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